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Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia ((ペルシア語:Daryāche-ye Orūmiye دریاچه ارومیه), (アゼルバイジャン語:Urmiya gölü اورمیا ﮔﺆﻟﻮ)) is an endorheic salt lake in northwestern Iran near Iran's border with Turkey.〔Henry, Roger (2003) ''Synchronized chronology: Rethinking Middle East Antiquity: A Simple Correction to Egyptian Chronology Resolves the Major Problems in Biblical and Greek Archaeology'' Algora Publishing, New York, (p. 138 ), ISBN 0-87586-191-1〕〔''E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936'', vol. 7, (page 1037 ) citing Strabo and Ptolemy.〕 The lake is between the provinces of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan in Iran, and west of the southern portion of the Caspian Sea. At its full size, it was the largest lake in the Middle East and the sixth largest saltwater lake on earth with a surface area of approximately 5,200 km² (2,000 mile²), length, width, and 16 m (52 ft) depth. The lake has shrunk to 10% of its former size due to damming of the rivers that flow into it and pumping of groundwater from the area.
Lake Urmia along with its once approximately 102 islands are protected as a national park by the Iranian Department of Environment.
==Names and etymologies==
Currently the lake is named after the provincial capital city of Urmia, originally an Assyrian name meaning ''Puddle of water''. However, in the early 1930s, it was called Lake Rezaiyeh ((ペルシア語:دریاچه رضائیه)) after Reza Shah Pahlavi. After the Iranian Revolution in the late 1970s the lake was renamed Urmia. Its ancient Old Persian name was Chichast (meaning, "glittering"–a reference to the glittering mineral particles suspended in the lake water and found along its shores). In medieval times it came to be known as Lake Kabuda (Kabodan),〔See, e.g. the Shahnama.〕 from the word for "azure" in Persian, or 'կապույտ' ("Kapuyt/Gabuyd") in Armenian. Its Latin name was Lacus Matianus so it is referred to in some texts as Lake Matianus or Lake Matiene.
Locally, the lake is referred to in Persian as دریاچه ارومیه, Daryāche-ye Orūmiye; in Azerbaijani as Urmu gölü, ﺍﻭﺭﻣﻮ ﮔﺆﻟﻮ, and in Kurdish as Wermy. The Armenian name is Կապուտան ծով, Kaputan ts'ov.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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